Robert I, Duke of Parma

[LouisFerdinand]

Robert (1848-1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 to 1859. He was the son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Therese d'Artois of France.   
Robert succeeded his father to the ducal throne when he was six years old. His mother was regent.

[LouisFerdinand]

When Robert was eleven years old, he was deposed. He and his family travelled from his castles at Schwarzau am Steinfeld near Vienna, the Villa Pianore in northwest Italy, and the Chateau de Chambord in France.