King Philip II of Spain

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Philip II of Spain - YouTube     
King Philip II reigned over Spain from 1554 to 1598.

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In 1581 Philip II became King of Portugal. In 1578 King Sebastian I of Portugal died without children. In 1580 King Henry I died without descendants. Philip was the son of Isabella of Portugal, who was the daughter of King Manuel I.

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Having been made the Duke of Milan in 1540 and having been observed by his father, King Charles I decided he could be trusted to leave the regency in Philip's hands in 1543. His words of advice to Prince Philip were 'piety, patience, modesty, and distrust'.

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King Philip II was called the Prudent. 
King Philip II of Spain - YouTube

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A colored engraving of Maria Manuela, Princess of Asturias, as the spouse of the future Philip II.   
Maria Manuela of Portugal . Daughter of King John III of Portugal and... News Photo | Getty Images

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Philip attended the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1550. His father, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1551 negotiated the family agreement that would leave the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand I. Philip would inherit Charles' other lands, then succeed Uncle Ferdinand as emperor.

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King Philip II became increasingly dependent on loans from foreign bankers, particularly in Genoa and Augsburg. By the end of his reign, interest payments on these loans alone accounted for 40 percent of state revenue.

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Even though the Escorial is considered King Philip II's palace, his rooms were spartan and contained few pieces of furniture.

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King Philip II received ambassadors from Flanders prior to his invasion of The Netherlands.     
King Philip II (Felipe II) of Spain, receives ambassadors from Stock Photo: 90858672 - Alamy

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King Philip II with his son   
Philip II of Spain (1527-1598). House of Habsburg. King with his son Stock Photo: 79884959 - Alamy

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Engraving of Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain, the wife of King Philip II     
Engraving of Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain (1549-1580) wife of King Stock Photo: 122928820 - Alamy

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On January 16, 1556 Philip II became King of Spain when his father gave up the throne. Philip chose to stay out of the country until his father died, two years later.

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King Philip II claimed the throne of Portugal as the grandson of King Manuel I at the demise of King Henrique I of Portugal. Philip appointed a viceroy and let the Portuguese keep their own laws.

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After Philip married Queen Mary I of England, he would be called "King of England". All official documents, including Parliamentary minutes, would be signed by both Queen Mary and King Philip.

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King Philip II of Spain devalued Spanish currency on November 29, 1596.   

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